Betaine hydrochloride (B-HCl) is a beet-derived supplementary source of hydrochloric acid, a digestive juice secreted in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid is responsible for converting another stomach secretion - pepsinogen - to pepsin, an enzyme largely responsible for breaking proteins down into substances that the body can absorb more easily. This is considered "the first step" in digestion, and ultimately a necessity for cellular growth and repair.

With age, the stomach's production of hydrochloric acid is often reduced. This less-acid condition is called "hypochlorhydria." And this, in turn, reduces the amount of pepsin available for protein digestion.

Hydrochloric acid also works in the stomach to fight infection of the digestive system by microorganisms such as bacteria that are ingested in food and water - since most of these are destroyed by an adequately acidic environment. For example, it is thought that many people suffer recurrent yeast infections because low levels of stomach HCl allow them to be reinfected continually by yeast consumed with their food.

NOW's Betaine hydrochloride supplement with pepsin, taken with food, enhances digestion in individuals with hypochlorhydria by raising the levels of both HCl and pepsin in the stomach. For individuals with low hydrochloric acid production, it is described as "an excellent stomach tonic."

Importantly, individuals with excess hydrochloric acid in the stomach – who are likely to be diagnosed with heartburn (esophageal ulcers), ulcers, or other stomach problems - should avoid supplementation with B-HCl. In any case, if an individual takes a dose of B-CHl and experiences the warmth/burning or indigestion associated with excess acid, further B-CHl supplementation is not advisable, and a neutralizing teaspoon of sodium bicarbonate in water should provide relief.

Pregnant or nursing women, children, and people with kidney or liver disease should avoid taking B-HCl, as its safety for these populations has not been established.